Different Schools of Indian Philosophy

Nastika Shools of Indian System of Philosophy

Charvaka

Believes only in materialism. No life beyond death, no soul no god.

Jaina

The names of two tirthankaras, Rishabhanath & Aristhanemia finds mention in Rig Veda.

540 BC

Twenty third was Parsva, son of Ishvaku king Asvasena. Said to have flourished 300 yrs

before Mahavira. Mahavira, the last Tirthankara born in Kundagrama near Vaisali. His

father Siddhartha was the head of Jnatrika clan & mother Trisala was the sister of Chetaka,

a Lichchhavi noble. Chetaka’s dauthter was married to Bimbisara the king of Magadha.

Mahavira was married to Yasoda. Left home at 30 & attained Kaivalya at 42. He accepted

4 doctrines of Parsava & added celibacy to it. Chandragupta Maurya patronized it. Passed

away at Pawapuri.

Buddha

Gautama (known as Siddhartha as prince) was born in Lumbini near Kapilvastu to

566 B.C.

Suddhodhana, the king of Sakya republic & Mayadevi who died seven days after his birth.

Gautama was married to Yasodhara from whom he had a son Rahul. 6 years of meditation

led to enlightenment. First sermon in Sarnath known as ‘Set in motion the wheel of law’.

Eight fold paths. Buddhism denies efficacy of vedic rituals & superiority of brahmanas.

Followers were upasakas & bhikshus. Died at the age of 80 in Kushinagar.

Astika Schools of Indian System of Philosophy

Vaisesika

Five elements – Earth, water, air, fire, Ether.

Nyaya

Accepts all categories of Vaisesika & adds one Abhava (negation).

Samkhya

Oldest of all. Twenty five basic principles first being ‘Prakriti’. Gives

doctrine of 3 qualities – virtue (sattva), passion (rajas) & dullness (tamas)

Yoga

Salvation through: Yama (self control), Niyama, Asanas, Pranayama,

Pratyahara (restrain), Dharana (steady mind), Dhyana & Samadhi.

Mimamsa

Recognises Vedas as final authority.

Vedanta

Adi Sankara is protagonist. Ultimate reality ‘Brahma’ is one. Highest

level of truth is that the whole world that exists is Maya. Ramanuja

Join Our Telegram Channel width="483">(founder of Sri Vaishnavism) differed from Sankara on his commentaries

on Upanishads & Gita.

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