13-01-22 Daily-Kerala-KPSC Current Affairs

With an objective to address water scarcity inKochi,Kerala water authority(KWA) is planning to plug the transmission loss, which is one of the major reasons for water shortage in the city and neighbouring local bodies.

Digging up of roads for identifying the location of leakage is one of the major hindrances in the way of addressing the issue and KWA has introduced water stethoscope, a device to identify the leak without digging roads or with little digging. This will expedite the process of identifying leaks and plugging it.

According to the data with KWA, at least 22 to 25% of water supplied in the city is being lost during transmission. Leakage and theft are the main reasons for transmission loss.

KWA is to procure at least 40 water stethoscopes to identify leaks in the city and adjoining areas. KWA also plans to organize a workshop to train officials on how to use the device. KWA authorities have instructed officials to map the distribution Network in their limits.

The International Union for Conservation of Natures () recently categorised the Red Sanders (or Red Sandalwood) again into the endangered category in its Red List.

The species,called Red Sanders, is scientifically called asPterocarpus santalinus.

It is an Indian endemic tree species and its geographical range is restricted to Eastern Ghats.

The species is endemic to a distinct tract of forests in Andhra Pradesh.

It was classified as near threatened in 2018. It was a moment of celebration when species was lifted off from the endangered category since 1997.

25^thNational Youth Festival was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in Puducherry on the occasion of birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda.

On the occasion, prime minister highlighted that; world looks at Indias young demography with hope & faith and India is young in its thoughts & consciousness.

Indias thinking and Philosophy have always accepted change.

Youth have democratic values as well as demographic dividend and India considers the youth as a demographic dividend and development driver.

The festival will be held on January 12 and 13, in virtual mode because of covid-19 pandemic.

Youth festival is being organised with the aim of shaping the minds of Indian youth and transforming them into united force for nation building.

It also aims to bring diverse Indian cultures and integrate them into a united thread of Ek Bharat, Shreshtha Bharat.

The recently provided the developing country tag. This couldnt be accepted by several countries.

The organization has officially not created any definitions for Developed or developing countries. However, when a tag is provided other countries can challenge the offering. Though, WTO has not provided the definition, two third of its members claim themselves as developing countries. As the members can themselves declare them as developing, China has taken advantage to declare itself as developing. With this, China is trying to widen its dominance in the world trade.

The per capita income of the Chinese in 2020 was 10,435 USD. On the other hand, the per capita income of India was 1,928 USD. India has questioned the Chinese stand based on World Bank Definition of a developing country.

The World Bank classifies the countries into four groups based on the per capita income of the countries. Here are the types based on the per capita income:

Lower Income Countries: 1,0256 USD or less

Lower middle-income countries: 1.026 USD and 3,995 USD

Upper Middle-income countries: 3,996 USD and 12,375 USD

High Income Countries: Greater than 12,375 USD

As per the Index, in first quarter of 2022, India has improved its passport power. India has climbed seven places up and has been ranked at 83^rdposition. In 2021, it was ranked at 90^thposition. Now, India has access to 60 countries without a prior visa. In 2021, visa free scope was valid for just 58 countries. Oman and Armenia have been recently added to the list of prior visa requirement.

Japan and Singapore have been ranked 1^st, with passport holders have accessibility of 192 destinations visa-free.

Germany and South Korea have been placed at 2^ndposition, with passport holders able to access 190 destinations visa-free.

The index provide ranking to 199 passports in accordance with the number of destinations their holders can access visa-free or visa-on-arrival. The index is updated in real time throughout the year. It is prepared on the basis of exclusive data provided by International Air Transport Association (IATA).

Henley Passport Index 2022 was recently released. The latest edition shows record-breaking levels of travel freedom for the top-ranking countries, Japan and Singapore.

The report also reveals that, there was thewidest recorded global mobility gap since the index was created 17 years ago.

Passport holders of two Asian nations, Japan and Singapore, can now enter 192 destinations worldwide visa-free. It is 166 more than Afghanistan.

Afghanistan has been listed at the bottom of this index.

Afghanistan is facing the worst humanitarian crisis in the world. Half of the Afghans are facing hunger. More than nine million in the country are homeless. Around 22 million are in need of assistance. 5.7 million Afghans are in need of help beyond the borders.

The United Nations recently launched the largest country specific appeal for Afghanistan. The appeal was launched after Pakistan called the international organization to revive the Banking system in the Afghanistan.

It is a 5 billion USD appeal. That is, according to the United Nations member countries, 5 billion USD is required to save Afghanistan. The United Nations members have appealed to save the collapsing Services in Afghanistan.